Recovered orphaned WIP before switching to a new task

backend/alembic/versions/0003_trust_safety.py

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-"""add trust & safety columns and tables
+"""trust & safety: reports, moderation_actions, appeals + user role/ban/suspend
 
 Revision ID: 0003_trust_safety
 Revises: 0002_add_date_of_birth_to_users
-Create Date: 2025-07-10 00:00:00.000000
+Create Date: 2025-01-01 00:00:00.000000
 
 """
 from typing import Sequence, Union
@@ -19,20 +19,23 @@ depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
 
 
 def upgrade() -> None:
-    """Add role/banned_until/suspended_until to users, and create
+    """Create trust & safety tables and extend users table."""
-    reports, moderation_actions, and appeals tables."""
+    bind = op.get_bind()
 
-    # ── ENUM types ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # ── ENUM types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-    role_enum = postgresql.ENUM("user", "moderator", "admin", name="role")
+    # user_role
-    role_enum.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    user_role = postgresql.ENUM("user", "moderator", "admin", name="user_role")
+    user_role.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
 
-    target_type_enum = postgresql.ENUM(
+    # report_target_type
-        "user", "world", "asset", "chat_message", name="target_type"
+    report_target_type = postgresql.ENUM(
+        "user", "world", "asset", "chat_message", name="report_target_type"
     )
-    target_type_enum.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    report_target_type.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
 
-    reason_category_enum = postgresql.ENUM(
+    # reason_category
+    reason_category = postgresql.ENUM(
         "harassment",
         "hate_speech",
         "sexual_content",
@@ -42,40 +45,46 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
         "other",
         name="reason_category",
     )
-    reason_category_enum.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    reason_category.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
 
-    report_status_enum = postgresql.ENUM(
+    # report_status
+    report_status = postgresql.ENUM(
         "open", "in_review", "resolved", "dismissed", name="report_status"
     )
-    report_status_enum.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    report_status.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
 
+    # resolution
     resolution_enum = postgresql.ENUM(
-        "action_taken",
+        "action_taken", "no_action", "false_positive", name="resolution"
-        "action_not_needed",
-        "duplicate",
-        "escalated",
-        name="resolution",
     )
-    resolution_enum.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    resolution_enum.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
 
-    moderation_action_enum = postgresql.ENUM(
+    # moderation_action_type
+    moderation_action_type = postgresql.ENUM(
         "warn", "suspend", "ban", "restrict", "remove", "restore",
-        name="moderation_action",
+        name="moderation_action_type",
     )
-    moderation_action_enum.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    moderation_action_type.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
 
-    appeal_status_enum = postgresql.ENUM(
+    # moderation_target_type
+    moderation_target_type = postgresql.ENUM(
+        "user", "world", "asset", "chat_message", name="moderation_target_type"
+    )
+    moderation_target_type.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
+
+    # appeal_status
+    appeal_status = postgresql.ENUM(
         "pending", "approved", "rejected", name="appeal_status"
     )
-    appeal_status_enum.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    appeal_status.create(bind, checkfirst=True)
 
-    # ── users table changes ─────────────────────────────────────
+    # ── Extend users table ──────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     op.add_column(
         "users",
         sa.Column(
             "role",
-            role_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM("user", "moderator", "admin", name="user_role"),
             nullable=False,
             server_default="user",
         ),
@@ -89,43 +98,54 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
         sa.Column("suspended_until", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
     )
 
-    # ── reports table ───────────────────────────────────────────
+    # ── reports table ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     op.create_table(
         "reports",
         sa.Column("id", sa.BigInteger(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True),
-        sa.Column(
+        sa.Column("reporter_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-            "reporter_id", sa.Integer(), sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False
-        ),
         sa.Column(
             "target_type",
-            target_type_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "user", "world", "asset", "chat_message", name="report_target_type"
+            ),
             nullable=False,
         ),
         sa.Column("target_id", sa.String(length=64), nullable=False),
         sa.Column(
             "reason_category",
-            reason_category_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "harassment",
+                "hate_speech",
+                "sexual_content",
+                "violence",
+                "spam",
+                "self_harm",
+                "other",
+                name="reason_category",
+            ),
             nullable=False,
         ),
-        sa.Column("details", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "details", sa.Text(), nullable=True,
+        ),
         sa.Column(
             "status",
-            report_status_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "open", "in_review", "resolved", "dismissed", name="report_status"
+            ),
             nullable=False,
             server_default="open",
         ),
-        sa.Column(
+        sa.Column("resolved_by", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
-            "resolved_by",
-            sa.Integer(),
-            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-            nullable=True,
-        ),
         sa.Column(
             "resolution",
-            resolution_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "action_taken", "no_action", "false_positive", name="resolution"
+            ),
             nullable=True,
         ),
+        sa.Column("resolved_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
         sa.Column(
             "created_at",
             sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
@@ -136,49 +156,49 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
             "updated_at",
             sa.DateTime(timezone=True),
             onupdate=sa.func.now(),
-            nullable=False,
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["reporter_id"], ["users.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["resolved_by"], ["users.id"], ondelete="SET NULL"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint(
+            "reporter_id", "target_type", "target_id",
+            name="uq_reporter_target",
         ),
-        sa.Column("resolved_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
-        sa.UniqueConstraint("reporter_id", "target_type", "target_id"),
     )
     op.create_index(op.f("ix_reports_id"), "reports", ["id"], unique=False)
-    op.create_index(op.f("ix_reports_reporter_id"), "reports", ["reporter_id"], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_reports_reporter_id"), "reports", ["reporter_id"], unique=False
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_reports_status"), "reports", ["status"], unique=False
+    )
 
-    # ── moderation_actions table ────────────────────────────────
+    # ── moderation_actions table ────────────────────────────────────────
 
     op.create_table(
         "moderation_actions",
         sa.Column("id", sa.BigInteger(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True),
-        sa.Column(
+        sa.Column("moderator_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
-            "moderator_id",
+        sa.Column("target_user_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
-            sa.Integer(),
-            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
-            nullable=False,
-        ),
-        sa.Column(
-            "target_user_id",
-            sa.Integer(),
-            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-            nullable=True,
-        ),
         sa.Column(
             "target_type",
-            target_type_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "user", "world", "asset", "chat_message",
+                name="moderation_target_type",
+            ),
             nullable=False,
         ),
-        sa.Column("target_id", sa.String(length=64), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("target_id", sa.String(length=64), nullable=True),
         sa.Column(
             "action",
-            moderation_action_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "warn", "suspend", "ban", "restrict", "remove", "restore",
+                name="moderation_action_type",
+            ),
             nullable=False,
         ),
-        sa.Column("reason", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("reason", sa.Text(), nullable=True),
-        sa.Column(
+        sa.Column("report_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
-            "report_id",
-            sa.Integer(),
-            sa.ForeignKey("reports.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-            nullable=True,
-        ),
         sa.Column("expires_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
         sa.Column("revoked_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
         sa.Column(
@@ -187,45 +207,56 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
             server_default=sa.func.now(),
             nullable=False,
         ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["moderator_id"], ["users.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["target_user_id"], ["users.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["report_id"], ["reports.id"], ondelete="SET NULL"),
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_moderation_actions_id"),
+        "moderation_actions",
+        ["id"],
+        unique=False,
     )
-    op.create_index(op.f("ix_moderation_actions_id"), "moderation_actions", ["id"], unique=False)
     op.create_index(
         op.f("ix_moderation_actions_moderator_id"),
         "moderation_actions",
         ["moderator_id"],
         unique=False,
     )
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_moderation_actions_target_user_id"),
+        "moderation_actions",
+        ["target_user_id"],
+        unique=False,
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_moderation_actions_report_id"),
+        "moderation_actions",
+        ["report_id"],
+        unique=False,
+    )
 
-    # ── appeals table ───────────────────────────────────────────
+    # ── appeals table ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     op.create_table(
         "appeals",
         sa.Column("id", sa.BigInteger(), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True),
         sa.Column(
-            "moderation_action_id",
+            "moderation_action_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False
-            sa.Integer(),
-            sa.ForeignKey("moderation_actions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
-            nullable=False,
-        ),
-        sa.Column(
-            "user_id",
-            sa.Integer(),
-            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
-            nullable=False,
         ),
+        sa.Column("user_id", sa.Integer(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column("reason", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
         sa.Column(
             "status",
-            appeal_status_enum,
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "pending", "approved", "rejected", name="appeal_status"
+            ),
             nullable=False,
             server_default="pending",
         ),
-        sa.Column(
+        sa.Column("reviewed_by", sa.Integer(), nullable=True),
-            "reviewed_by",
-            sa.Integer(),
-            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-            nullable=True,
-        ),
         sa.Column("reviewed_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
         sa.Column(
             "created_at",
@@ -233,23 +264,52 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
             server_default=sa.func.now(),
             nullable=False,
         ),
-        sa.UniqueConstraint("moderation_action_id", "user_id"),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["moderation_action_id"],
+            ["moderation_actions.id"],
+            ondelete="CASCADE",
+        ),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(["user_id"], ["users.id"], ondelete="CASCADE"),
+        sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
+            ["reviewed_by"], ["users.id"], ondelete="SET NULL"
+        ),
     )
     op.create_index(op.f("ix_appeals_id"), "appeals", ["id"], unique=False)
-    op.create_index(op.f("ix_appeals_user_id"), "appeals", ["user_id"], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_appeals_moderation_action_id"),
+        "appeals",
+        ["moderation_action_id"],
+        unique=False,
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_appeals_user_id"),
+        "appeals",
+        ["user_id"],
+        unique=False,
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        op.f("ix_appeals_status"),
+        "appeals",
+        ["status"],
+        unique=False,
+    )
 
 
 def downgrade() -> None:
-    """Remove trust & safety tables and columns."""
+    """Remove trust & safety tables and revert users table."""
-
+    op.drop_index(op.f("ix_appeals_status"), table_name="appeals")
     op.drop_index(op.f("ix_appeals_user_id"), table_name="appeals")
+    op.drop_index(op.f("ix_appeals_moderation_action_id"), table_name="appeals")
     op.drop_index(op.f("ix_appeals_id"), table_name="appeals")
     op.drop_table("appeals")
 
+    op.drop_index(op.f("ix_moderation_actions_report_id"), table_name="moderation_actions")
+    op.drop_index(op.f("ix_moderation_actions_target_user_id"), table_name="moderation_actions")
     op.drop_index(op.f("ix_moderation_actions_moderator_id"), table_name="moderation_actions")
     op.drop_index(op.f("ix_moderation_actions_id"), table_name="moderation_actions")
     op.drop_table("moderation_actions")
 
+    op.drop_index(op.f("ix_reports_status"), table_name="reports")
     op.drop_index(op.f("ix_reports_reporter_id"), table_name="reports")
     op.drop_index(op.f("ix_reports_id"), table_name="reports")
     op.drop_table("reports")
@@ -259,10 +319,11 @@ def downgrade() -> None:
     op.drop_column("users", "role")
 
     # Drop ENUM types
-    postgresql.ENUM(name="appeal_status").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="appeal_status").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)
-    postgresql.ENUM(name="moderation_action").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="moderation_target_type").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)
-    postgresql.ENUM(name="resolution").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="moderation_action_type").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)
-    postgresql.ENUM(name="report_status").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="resolution").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)
-    postgresql.ENUM(name="reason_category").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="report_status").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)
-    postgresql.ENUM(name="target_type").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="reason_category").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)
-    postgresql.ENUM(name="role").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="report_target_type").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="user_role").drop(bind, checkfirst=True)

backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ from app.models.user import User
 from app.models.session import Session
 from app.models.world import World
 from app.models.asset import Asset
-from app.models.moderation import Report, ModerationAction, Appeal
+from app.models.report import Report
+from app.models.moderation_action import ModerationAction
+from app.models.appeal import Appeal
 
 __all__ = ["User", "Session", "World", "Asset", "Report", "ModerationAction", "Appeal"]

backend/app/models/appeal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+"""Appeal model for Trust & Safety."""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Column,
+    Integer,
+    Text,
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ENUM
+from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
+from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+import enum
+
+from app.database import Base
+
+
+class AppealStatus(str, enum.Enum):
+    PENDING = "pending"
+    APPROVED = "approved"
+    REJECTED = "rejected"
+
+
+class Appeal(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "appeals"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    moderation_action_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("moderation_actions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False
+    )
+    user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False)
+    reason = Column(Text, nullable=False)
+    status = Column(
+        ENUM(AppelStatus, name="appeal_status", create_type=False),
+        default=AppealStatus.PENDING,
+    )
+    reviewed_by = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), nullable=True)
+    reviewed_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    # Relationships
+    moderation_action = relationship("ModerationAction", back_populates="appeals")
+    user = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[user_id])
+    reviewer = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[reviewed_by])

backend/app/models/moderation.py

@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-"""Trust & Safety models: reports, moderation actions, and appeals."""
-
-from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Optional
-
-from sqlalchemy import (
-    CheckConstraint,
-    Column,
-    DateTime,
-    Enum,
-    ForeignKey,
-    Integer,
-    String,
-    Text,
-    UniqueConstraint,
-    func,
-)
-from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ENUM as PG_ENUM
-from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
-
-from app.database import Base
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# ENUM helpers — created explicitly in Alembic, not via SQLAlchemy create_type
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-_role_enum = PG_ENUM(
-    "user", "moderator", "admin",
-    name="user_role",
-    create_type=False,
-)
-
-_target_type_enum = PG_ENUM(
-    "user", "world", "asset", "chat_message",
-    name="target_type",
-    create_type=False,
-)
-
-_reason_category_enum = PG_ENUM(
-    "harassment", "hate_speech", "sexual_content", "violence",
-    "spam", "self_harm", "other",
-    name="reason_category",
-    create_type=False,
-)
-
-_report_status_enum = PG_ENUM(
-    "open", "in_review", "resolved", "dismissed",
-    name="report_status",
-    create_type=False,
-)
-
-_resolution_enum = PG_ENUM(
-    "action_taken", "action_not_needed", "duplicate", "escalated",
-    name="resolution",
-    create_type=False,
-)
-
-_moderation_action_enum = PG_ENUM(
-    "warn", "suspend", "ban", "restrict", "remove", "restore",
-    name="moderation_action",
-    create_type=False,
-)
-
-_appeal_status_enum = PG_ENUM(
-    "pending", "approved", "rejected",
-    name="appeal_status",
-    create_type=False,
-)
-
-
-class Report(Base):
-    """A user-submitted report about another entity."""
-
-    __tablename__ = "reports"
-
-    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
-    reporter_id = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
-        nullable=False,
-    )
-    target_type = Column(_target_type_enum, nullable=False)
-    target_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
-    reason_category = Column(_reason_category_enum, nullable=False)
-    details = Column(Text, nullable=True)
-    status = Column(
-        _report_status_enum,
-        nullable=False,
-        server_default="open",
-    )
-    resolved_by = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-        nullable=True,
-    )
-    resolution = Column(_resolution_enum, nullable=True)
-    created_at = Column(
-        DateTime(timezone=True),
-        server_default=func.now(),
-    )
-    updated_at = Column(
-        DateTime(timezone=True),
-        onupdate=func.now(),
-    )
-    resolved_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
-
-    # Coalesce duplicate reports from the same reporter about the same target
-    __table_args__ = (
-        UniqueConstraint("reporter_id", "target_type", "target_id",
-                         name="uq_reporter_target"),
-    )
-
-    # Relationships
-    reporter = relationship("User", back_populates="reports",
-                            foreign_keys=[reporter_id])
-    resolved_by_user = relationship("User", back_populates="resolved_reports",
-                                    foreign_keys=[resolved_by])
-    moderation_actions = relationship(
-        "ModerationAction",
-        back_populates="report",
-        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
-    )
-    appeals = relationship(
-        "Appeal",
-        back_populates="report",
-        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
-    )
-
-
-class ModerationAction(Base):
-    """A moderation action taken against a target."""
-
-    __tablename__ = "moderation_actions"
-
-    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
-    moderator_id = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
-        nullable=False,
-    )
-    target_user_id = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-        nullable=True,
-    )
-    target_type = Column(_target_type_enum, nullable=False)
-    target_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
-    action = Column(_moderation_action_enum, nullable=False)
-    reason = Column(Text, nullable=False)
-    report_id = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("reports.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-        nullable=True,
-    )
-    expires_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
-    revoked_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
-    created_at = Column(
-        DateTime(timezone=True),
-        server_default=func.now(),
-    )
-
-    # Relationships
-    moderator = relationship("User", back_populates="moderation_actions",
-                             foreign_keys=[moderator_id])
-    target_user = relationship("User", back_populates="moderation_actions_target",
-                               foreign_keys=[target_user_id])
-    report = relationship(
-        "Report",
-        back_populates="moderation_actions",
-    )
-    appeals = relationship(
-        "Appeal",
-        back_populates="moderation_action",
-        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
-    )
-
-
-class Appeal(Base):
-    """An appeal against a moderation action."""
-
-    __tablename__ = "appeals"
-
-    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
-    moderation_action_id = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("moderation_actions.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
-        nullable=False,
-    )
-    user_id = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
-        nullable=False,
-    )
-    reason = Column(Text, nullable=False)
-    status = Column(
-        _appeal_status_enum,
-        nullable=False,
-        server_default="pending",
-    )
-    reviewed_by = Column(
-        Integer,
-        ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
-        nullable=True,
-    )
-    reviewed_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
-    created_at = Column(
-        DateTime(timezone=True),
-        server_default=func.now(),
-    )
-
-    # Prevent duplicate open appeals per sanction
-    __table_args__ = (
-        UniqueConstraint("moderation_action_id", "user_id",
-                         name="uq_action_user_appeal"),
-    )
-
-    # Relationships
-    moderation_action = relationship(
-        "ModerationAction",
-        back_populates="appeals",
-    )
-    user = relationship("User", back_populates="appeals")
-    reviewed_by_user = relationship("User", back_populates="reviewed_appeals",
-                                    foreign_keys=[reviewed_by])

backend/app/models/moderation_action.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+"""ModerationAction model for Trust & Safety."""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Column,
+    Integer,
+    String,
+    Text,
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ENUM
+from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
+from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+import enum
+
+from app.database import Base
+
+
+class ModerationActionType(str, enum.Enum):
+    WARN = "warn"
+    SUSPEND = "suspend"
+    BAN = "ban"
+    RESTRICT = "restrict"
+    REMOVE = "remove"
+    RESTORE = "restore"
+
+
+class ModerationTargetType(str, enum.Enum):
+    USER = "user"
+    WORLD = "world"
+    ASSET = "asset"
+    CHAT_MESSAGE = "chat_message"
+
+
+class ModerationAction(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "moderation_actions"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    moderator_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False)
+    target_user_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=True)
+    target_type = Column(
+        ENUM(ModerationTargetType, name="moderation_target_type", create_type=False),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    target_id = Column(String(64), nullable=True)
+    action = Column(
+        ENUM(ModerationActionType, name="moderation_action_type", create_type=False),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    reason = Column(Text, nullable=True)
+    report_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("reports.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), nullable=True)
+    expires_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    revoked_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    # Relationships
+    moderator = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[moderator_id])
+    target_user = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[target_user_id])
+    report = relationship("Report", foreign_keys=[report_id])
+    appeals = relationship("Appeal", back_populates="moderation_action", cascade="all, delete-orphan")

backend/app/models/report.py

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Report model for Trust & Safety."""
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Column,
+    Integer,
+    String,
+    Text,
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+    UniqueConstraint,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ENUM
+from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
+from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+import enum
+
+from app.database import Base
+
+
+class ReportTargetType(str, enum.Enum):
+    USER = "user"
+    WORLD = "world"
+    ASSET = "asset"
+    CHAT_MESSAGE = "chat_message"
+
+
+class ReasonCategory(str, enum.Enum):
+    HARASSMENT = "harassment"
+    HATE_SPEECH = "hate_speech"
+    SEXUAL_CONTENT = "sexual_content"
+    VIOLENCE = "violence"
+    SPAM = "spam"
+    SELF_HARM = "self_harm"
+    OTHER = "other"
+
+
+class ReportStatus(str, enum.Enum):
+    OPEN = "open"
+    IN_REVIEW = "in_review"
+    RESOLVED = "resolved"
+    DISMISSED = "dismissed"
+
+
+class Resolution(str, enum.Enum):
+    ACTION_TAKEN = "action_taken"
+    NO_ACTION = "no_action"
+    FALSE_POSITIVE = "false_positive"
+
+
+class Report(Base):
+    __tablename__ = "reports"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    reporter_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id"), nullable=False)
+    target_type = Column(
+        ENUM(ReportTargetType, name="report_target_type", create_type=False),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    target_id = Column(String(64), nullable=False)
+    reason_category = Column(
+        ENUM(ReasonCategory, name="reason_category", create_type=False),
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+    details = Column(Text, nullable=True)
+    status = Column(
+        ENUM(ReportStatus, name="report_status", create_type=False),
+        default=ReportStatus.OPEN,
+    )
+    resolved_by = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id"), nullable=True)
+    resolution = Column(
+        ENUM(Resolution, name="resolution", create_type=False),
+        nullable=True,
+    )
+    resolved_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
+    updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), onupdate=func.now())
+
+    # Relationships
+    reporter = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[reporter_id])
+    resolved_by_user = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[resolved_by])
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("reporter_id", "target_type", "target_id",
+                         name="uq_reporter_target"),
+    )

backend/app/models/user.py

@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 from datetime import date
 from typing import Optional
 
-from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime, Date
+from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime, Date, Enum
 from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
 from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+import enum
 
 from app.database import Base
 
 
+class UserRole(str, enum.Enum):
+    USER = "user"
+    MODERATOR = "moderator"
+    ADMIN = "admin"
+
+
 class User(Base):
     __tablename__ = "users"
 
@@ -17,12 +24,24 @@ class User(Base):
     hashed_password = Column(String(255), nullable=False)
     date_of_birth = Column(Date, nullable=True)
     is_active = Column(Boolean, default=True)
+    role = Column(
+        Enum(UserRole, name="user_role"),
+        nullable=False,
+        server_default="user",
+    )
+    banned_until = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    suspended_until = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
     created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
     updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), onupdate=func.now())
 
     sessions = relationship("Session", back_populates="user", cascade="all, delete-orphan")
     worlds = relationship("World", back_populates="owner")
     assets = relationship("Asset", back_populates="owner")
+    reports_made = relationship("Report", foreign_keys="Report.reporter_id", back_populates="reporter")
+    reports_resolved = relationship("Report", foreign_keys="Report.resolved_by", back_populates="resolved_by_user")
+    moderation_actions_as_moderator = relationship("ModerationAction", foreign_keys="ModerationAction.moderator_id", back_populates="moderator")
+    moderation_actions_as_target = relationship("ModerationAction", foreign_keys="ModerationAction.target_user_id", back_populates="target_user")
+    appeals = relationship("Appeal", foreign_keys="Appeal.user_id", back_populates="user")
 
     @property
     def is_adult(self) -> bool: