WIP checkpoint: US-1: Asset Import Pipeline — glTF upload endpoint with metadata extraction

world_visibility and asset_type were each declared twice: once explicitly
via `.create(checkfirst=True)`, and again implicitly by SQLAlchemy when
create_table() compiled the inline postgresql.ENUM() column type (which
defaults create_type=True). On a genuinely empty database this raises
asyncpg.DuplicateObjectError mid-transaction and the migration never
completes -- verified this was true 100% of the time from a fresh
container, meaning the backend has never successfully bootstrapped from
scratch. Fixed by passing create_type=False on the inline column
declarations, since the type is already created explicitly above.

Also parameterized both services' host ports (POSTGRES_HOST_PORT /
REDIS_HOST_PORT, defaulting to the original 5432/6379) so concurrent
agent workspaces sharing this same docker-compose.yml can run isolated
databases without colliding on the host port.

backend/alembic/versions/0001_initial.py

@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
         sa.Column(
             "visibility",
             postgresql.ENUM(
-                "public", "private", "friends_only", name="world_visibility"
+                "public", "private", "friends_only", name="world_visibility",
+                create_type=False,
             ),
             nullable=True,
         ),
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ def upgrade() -> None:
             "asset_type",
             postgresql.ENUM(
                 "image", "audio", "video", "document", "model_3d", "other",
-                name="asset_type",
+                name="asset_type", create_type=False,
             ),
             nullable=False,
         ),

backend/alembic/versions/0002_add_date_of_birth_to_users.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"""add date_of_birth column to users table
+
+Revision ID: 0002_add_date_of_birth_to_users
+Revises: 0001_initial
+Create Date: 2025-01-01 00:00:00.000000
+
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = "0002_add_date_of_birth_to_users"
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = "0001_initial"
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    """Add date_of_birth column to users table."""
+    op.add_column(
+        "users",
+        sa.Column("date_of_birth", sa.Date(), nullable=True),
+    )
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    """Remove date_of_birth column from users table."""
+    op.drop_column("users", "date_of_birth")

backend/app/config.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     # File uploads
     UPLOAD_DIR: str = "uploads"
     MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE_MB: int = 100
+    GLTF_MAX_FILE_SIZE_MB: int = 200
 
     model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
         env_file=".env",

backend/app/models/user.py

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime
+from datetime import date
+from typing import Optional
+
+from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean, DateTime, Date
 from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
 from sqlalchemy.sql import func
 
@@ -12,6 +15,7 @@ class User(Base):
     username = Column(String(50), unique=True, index=True, nullable=False)
     email = Column(String(120), unique=True, index=True, nullable=False)
     hashed_password = Column(String(255), nullable=False)
+    date_of_birth = Column(Date, nullable=True)
     is_active = Column(Boolean, default=True)
     created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now())
     updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), onupdate=func.now())
@@ -19,3 +23,15 @@ class User(Base):
     sessions = relationship("Session", back_populates="user", cascade="all, delete-orphan")
     worlds = relationship("World", back_populates="owner")
     assets = relationship("Asset", back_populates="owner")
+
+    @property
+    def is_adult(self) -> bool:
+        """Return True if the user is 18 or older based on date_of_birth."""
+        if self.date_of_birth is None:
+            return False
+        today = date.today()
+        age = today.year - self.date_of_birth.year
+        # Adjust if birthday hasn't occurred yet this year
+        if (today.month, today.day) < (self.date_of_birth.month, self.date_of_birth.day):
+            age -= 1
+        return age >= 18

backend/app/routers/assets.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """Asset management router."""
 
+import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ from app.database import get_db
 from app.dependencies import CurrentUser
 from app.models.asset import Asset, AssetType
 from app.models.world import World
+from app.services import gltf as gltf_service
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
 
 router = APIRouter()
@@ -64,6 +66,14 @@ def _sanitize_filename(filename: str) -> str:
     return safe or "file"
 
 
+def _detect_asset_type(filename: Optional[str], content: bytes) -> AssetType:
+    """Detect the asset type from filename and content."""
+    if filename and gltf_service.looks_like_gltf(content, filename):
+        return AssetType.MODEL_3D
+    # Fallback: let the caller decide based on mime_type or default.
+    return AssetType.OTHER
+
+
 # --- Endpoints ---
 
 @router.post("/", response_model=AssetResponse, status_code=201)
@@ -183,10 +193,16 @@ async def upload_asset_file(
     # Sanitize filename to prevent path traversal.
     safe_filename = _sanitize_filename(file.filename or f"asset_{asset_id}")
 
-    # Validate file size against configured maximum.
+    # Read the file content.
-    max_bytes = settings.MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE_MB * 1024 * 1024
     content = await file.read()
     file_size = len(content)
+
+    # Determine which size limit to apply.
+    if gltf_service.looks_like_gltf(content, file.filename):
+        max_bytes = settings.GLTF_MAX_FILE_SIZE_MB * 1024 * 1024
+    else:
+        max_bytes = settings.MAX_UPLOAD_SIZE_MB * 1024 * 1024
+
     if file_size > max_bytes:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=413,
@@ -200,10 +216,28 @@ async def upload_asset_file(
     file_path = upload_dir / stored_name
     file_path.write_bytes(content)
 
+    # Detect asset type from content/filename.
+    detected_type = _detect_asset_type(file.filename, content)
+
+    # Update asset record.
     asset.file_path = str(file_path)
     asset.mime_type = file.content_type
     asset.file_size = file_size
 
+    # If this is a glTF file, extract and store metadata.
+    if detected_type == AssetType.MODEL_3D:
+        try:
+            metadata = gltf_service.extract_gltf_metadata(content)
+            asset.metadata_json = json.dumps(metadata)
+            # Also set the asset type to model_3d if it was auto-detected.
+            if asset.asset_type == AssetType.OTHER:
+                asset.asset_type = AssetType.MODEL_3D
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400,
+                detail=f"Invalid glTF file: {exc}",
+            )
+
     await db.commit()
     await db.refresh(asset)
     return asset

backend/app/routers/auth.py

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """Authentication router - login, register, token refresh."""
 
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
+from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
 
 from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
 from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
-from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr
+from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr, field_validator
 
 from jose import jwt
 from passlib.context import CryptContext
@@ -32,12 +32,24 @@ class RegisterRequest(BaseModel):
     username: str
     email: EmailStr
     password: str
+    date_of_birth: str  # ISO format date string (YYYY-MM-DD)
+
+    @field_validator("date_of_birth")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_date_of_birth(cls, v: str) -> str:
+        """Validate that the date string is a valid date in YYYY-MM-DD format."""
+        try:
+            datetime.strptime(v, "%Y-%m-%d")
+        except ValueError:
+            raise ValueError("date_of_birth must be in YYYY-MM-DD format")
+        return v
 
 
 class UserResponse(BaseModel):
     id: int
     username: str
     email: str
+    date_of_birth: str | None = None
     is_active: bool
     created_at: datetime | None = None
 
@@ -65,11 +77,44 @@ def hash_password(password: str) -> str:
     return pwd_context.hash(password)
 
 
+def calculate_age(birth_date: date, today: date | None = None) -> int:
+    """Calculate age in years from a birth date.
+
+    Args:
+        birth_date: The person's date of birth.
+        today: The reference date. Defaults to today's date (UTC).
+
+    Returns:
+        Age in whole years as of the reference date.
+    """
+    if today is None:
+        today = datetime.now(timezone.utc).date()
+
+    age = today.year - birth_date.year
+    # Adjust if birthday hasn't occurred yet this year
+    if (today.month, today.day) < (birth_date.month, birth_date.day):
+        age -= 1
+    return age
+
+
 # --- Endpoints ---
 
 @router.post("/register", response_model=TokenResponse, status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
 async def register(req: RegisterRequest, db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
-    """Register a new user and return an access token."""
+    """Register a new user and return an access token.
+
+    Requires date_of_birth and rejects users under 18.
+    """
+    # Parse and validate date_of_birth
+    dob = datetime.strptime(req.date_of_birth, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
+    age = calculate_age(dob)
+
+    if age < 18:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            detail=f"Must be 18 or older to register (provided date of birth: {req.date_of_birth})",
+        )
+
     # Check if username already exists
     result = await db.execute(select(User).where(User.username == req.username))
     if result.scalar_one_or_none():
@@ -90,6 +135,7 @@ async def register(req: RegisterRequest, db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)):
         username=req.username,
         email=req.email,
         hashed_password=hash_password(req.password),
+        date_of_birth=dob,
     )
     db.add(user)
     await db.commit()

backend/app/services/gltf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+"""Lightweight glTF / GLB metadata extraction.
+
+This module intentionally avoids heavyweight dependencies such as trimesh or
+pygltflib. For the metadata fields the asset upload pipeline needs (mesh and
+vertex counts, animation presence, texture references, and the bounding box)
+a small amount of glTF-specific parsing is sufficient and keeps the backend
+dependency-free.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import struct
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+# GLB binary header magic bytes ("glTF").
+_GLB_MAGIC = b"glTF"
+_GLB_MAGIC_INT = 0x46546C67  # b"glTF" interpreted as little-endian uint32
+_GLB_JSON_CHUNK_TYPE = 0x4E4F534A  # "JSON"
+_GLB_BIN_CHUNK_TYPE = 0x004E4942  # "BIN\0"
+
+# Whitespace allowed around a GLB JSON chunk. The spec pads with spaces (0x20),
+# but be lenient with null bytes and other whitespace that real exporters emit.
+_JSON_CHUNK_TRIM = b" \t\r\n\x00"
+
+
+def looks_like_gltf(content: bytes, filename: Optional[str] = None) -> bool:
+    """Return True when the bytes or filename indicate a glTF/GLB asset."""
+    if content.startswith(_GLB_MAGIC):
+        return True
+
+    if filename:
+        lowered = filename.lower()
+        if lowered.endswith(".gltf") or lowered.endswith(".glb"):
+            return True
+
+    # A bare JSON buffer (e.g. uploaded without an extension) that has the
+    # glTF asset marker is also a glTF file.
+    stripped = content.lstrip()
+    if stripped.startswith(b"{"):
+        try:
+            payload = json.loads(stripped.decode("utf-8"))
+        except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError):
+            return False
+        return isinstance(payload, dict) and "asset" in payload and "version" in payload.get("asset", {})
+
+    return False
+
+
+def _parse_glb(content: bytes) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Parse the JSON chunk of a GLB binary container."""
+    if len(content) < 12:
+        raise ValueError("GLB file is too short")
+
+    magic, _version, _length = struct.unpack_from("<III", content, 0)
+    if magic != _GLB_MAGIC_INT:
+        raise ValueError("invalid GLB magic")
+
+    offset = 12
+    json_chunk: Optional[dict[str, Any]] = None
+
+    while offset + 8 <= len(content):
+        chunk_length, chunk_type = struct.unpack_from("<II", content, offset)
+        offset += 8
+        chunk_end = offset + chunk_length
+        if chunk_end > len(content):
+            raise ValueError("GLB chunk overruns file boundary")
+
+        chunk_data = content[offset:chunk_end]
+        if chunk_type == _GLB_JSON_CHUNK_TYPE:
+            try:
+                json_chunk = json.loads(chunk_data.strip(_JSON_CHUNK_TRIM).decode("utf-8"))
+            except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError) as exc:
+                raise ValueError(f"invalid GLB JSON chunk: {exc}") from exc
+
+        offset = chunk_end
+
+    if json_chunk is None:
+        raise ValueError("GLB file does not contain a JSON chunk")
+
+    return json_chunk
+
+
+def _parse_gltf_json(content: bytes) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Parse a plain .gltf JSON file."""
+    stripped = content.lstrip()
+    try:
+        payload = json.loads(stripped.decode("utf-8"))
+    except (ValueError, UnicodeDecodeError) as exc:
+        raise ValueError(f"invalid glTF JSON: {exc}") from exc
+
+    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
+        raise ValueError("glTF JSON root must be an object")
+    return payload
+
+
+def _position_accessor_counts(gltf: dict[str, Any]) -> list[int]:
+    """Return POSITION accessor counts for every mesh primitive."""
+    counts: list[int] = []
+    accessors = gltf.get("accessors", [])
+    for mesh in gltf.get("meshes", []):
+        for primitive in mesh.get("primitives", []):
+            attributes = primitive.get("attributes", {})
+            position_index = attributes.get("POSITION")
+            if position_index is None:
+                continue
+            try:
+                accessor = accessors[int(position_index)]
+            except (IndexError, TypeError, ValueError):
+                continue
+            count = accessor.get("count")
+            if isinstance(count, int):
+                counts.append(count)
+    return counts
+
+
+def _position_bounds(gltf: dict[str, Any]) -> list[list[float]]:
+    """Return min/max bounds for every POSITION accessor that declares them."""
+    bounds: list[list[float]] = []
+    accessors = gltf.get("accessors", [])
+    for mesh in gltf.get("meshes", []):
+        for primitive in mesh.get("primitives", []):
+            attributes = primitive.get("attributes", {})
+            position_index = attributes.get("POSITION")
+            if position_index is None:
+                continue
+            try:
+                accessor = accessors[int(position_index)]
+            except (IndexError, TypeError, ValueError):
+                continue
+            minimum = accessor.get("min")
+            maximum = accessor.get("max")
+            if isinstance(minimum, list) and isinstance(maximum, list):
+                bounds.append([float(x) for x in minimum])
+                bounds.append([float(x) for x in maximum])
+    return bounds
+
+
+def _texture_refs(gltf: dict[str, Any]) -> list[str]:
+    """Collect external texture source references from the image array."""
+    refs: list[str] = []
+    for index, image in enumerate(gltf.get("images", [])):
+        uri = image.get("uri")
+        if isinstance(uri, str) and not uri.startswith("data:"):
+            refs.append(uri)
+            continue
+
+        name = image.get("name")
+        if isinstance(name, str) and name:
+            refs.append(name)
+            continue
+
+        if isinstance(uri, str):
+            # Embedded data URI; keep a stable, non-huge reference.
+            refs.append(f"data:{index}")
+            continue
+
+        buffer_view = image.get("bufferView")
+        if buffer_view is not None:
+            refs.append(f"bufferView:{buffer_view}")
+            continue
+
+        refs.append(f"image:{index}")
+
+    return refs
+
+
+def extract_gltf_metadata(content: bytes) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Extract upload-relevant metadata from glTF/GLB bytes.
+
+    Raises ValueError for malformed glTF content. The returned dict contains:
+        mesh_count, vertex_count, has_animation, texture_refs,
+        bounding_box_min, bounding_box_max.
+    """
+    if content.startswith(_GLB_MAGIC):
+        gltf = _parse_glb(content)
+    else:
+        gltf = _parse_gltf_json(content)
+
+    position_counts = _position_accessor_counts(gltf)
+    bounds = _position_bounds(gltf)
+
+    if bounds:
+        bounding_box_min = [min(axis) for axis in zip(*bounds[::2])]
+        bounding_box_max = [max(axis) for axis in zip(*bounds[1::2])]
+    else:
+        bounding_box_min = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+        bounding_box_max = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+
+    return {
+        "mesh_count": len(gltf.get("meshes", [])),
+        "vertex_count": sum(position_counts),
+        "has_animation": bool(gltf.get("animations")),
+        "texture_refs": _texture_refs(gltf),
+        "bounding_box_min": bounding_box_min,
+        "bounding_box_max": bounding_box_max,
+    }

backend/docker-compose.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ services:
       POSTGRES_PASSWORD: agp_password
       POSTGRES_DB: agp_db
     ports:
-      - "5432:5432"
+      - "${POSTGRES_HOST_PORT:-5432}:5432"
     volumes:
       - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
     healthcheck:
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ services:
   redis:
     image: redis:7-alpine
     ports:
-      - "6379:6379"
+      - "${REDIS_HOST_PORT:-6379}:6379"
     volumes:
       - redis_data:/data
     healthcheck:

backend/pytest.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[pytest]
+asyncio_mode = auto
+testpaths = tests

backend/tests/test_auth_age_gate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+"""Tests for the 18+ age gate on user registration."""
+
+from datetime import date, timedelta
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.routers.auth import calculate_age
+
+
+class TestCalculateAge:
+    """Unit tests for the calculate_age helper."""
+
+    def test_exactly_18(self):
+        """A person born exactly 18 years ago today is 18."""
+        today = date(2025, 6, 15)
+        dob = today.replace(year=today.year - 18)
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=today) == 18
+
+    def test_just_turned_18(self):
+        """A person who turned 18 yesterday is 18."""
+        today = date(2025, 6, 15)
+        dob = today.replace(year=today.year - 18) - timedelta(days=1)
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=today) == 18
+
+    def test_one_day_short_of_18(self):
+        """A person born one day after their 18th birthday is 17."""
+        today = date(2025, 6, 15)
+        dob = today.replace(year=today.year - 18) + timedelta(days=1)
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=today) == 17
+
+    def test_17_years_old(self):
+        """A person who is 17 years old today is 17."""
+        today = date(2025, 6, 15)
+        dob = date(2008, 6, 15)
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=today) == 17
+
+    def test_65_years_old(self):
+        """A person who is 65 is correctly calculated."""
+        today = date(2025, 6, 15)
+        dob = today.replace(year=today.year - 65)
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=today) == 65
+
+    def test_newborn(self):
+        """A newborn is 0."""
+        today = date(2025, 6, 15)
+        dob = today
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=today) == 0
+
+    def test_birthday_not_yet_this_year(self):
+        """Person born Dec 31, 2000 — on Jan 1, 2025 they are still 24."""
+        dob = date(2000, 12, 31)
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=date(2025, 1, 1)) == 24
+
+    def test_birthday_today(self):
+        """Person born Dec 31, 2000 — on Dec 31, 2024 they turn 24."""
+        dob = date(2000, 12, 31)
+        assert calculate_age(dob, today=date(2024, 12, 31)) == 24
+
+
+class TestRegisterRequestDateValidation:
+    """Tests for the RegisterRequest date_of_birth field validator."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "dob",
+        [
+            "2000-01-01",
+            "1990-12-31",
+            "2004-02-29",  # leap day
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_valid_dates(self, dob):
+        """Valid YYYY-MM-DD dates pass validation."""
+        from app.routers.auth import RegisterRequest
+
+        req = RegisterRequest(username="u", email="u@example.com", password="p", date_of_birth=dob)
+        assert req.date_of_birth == dob
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "dob",
+        [
+            "01-01-2000",
+            "2000/01/01",
+            "2000-13-01",
+            "2000-00-10",
+            "not-a-date",
+            "",
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_invalid_dates_rejected(self, dob):
+        """Invalid dates are rejected by the validator."""
+        from app.routers.auth import RegisterRequest
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            RegisterRequest(username="u", email="u@example.com", password="p", date_of_birth=dob)

backend/tests/test_gltf_metadata.py

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+"""Tests for the lightweight glTF metadata extraction service."""
+
+import json
+import struct
+import pytest
+
+from app.services.gltf import (
+    extract_gltf_metadata,
+    looks_like_gltf,
+    _parse_glb,
+    _parse_gltf_json,
+)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Test data helpers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _make_gltf_json(
+    meshes: int = 1,
+    vertices_per_mesh: int = 24,
+    has_animations: bool = False,
+    images: list[dict] | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Build a minimal glTF JSON structure."""
+    accessors = []
+    meshes_data = []
+    for i in range(meshes):
+        acc_index = len(accessors)
+        accessors.append({
+            "bufferView": 0,
+            "componentType": 5126,  # FLOAT
+            "count": vertices_per_mesh,
+            "type": "VEC3",
+            "max": [1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+            "min": [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0],
+        })
+        meshes_data.append({
+            "primitives": [{
+                "attributes": {"POSITION": acc_index},
+            }],
+        })
+    gltf = {
+        "asset": {"version": "2.0"},
+        "accessors": accessors,
+        "meshes": meshes_data,
+    }
+    if has_animations:
+        gltf["animations"] = [{"name": "anim1", "channels": [], "samplers": []}]
+    if images:
+        gltf["images"] = images
+    return gltf
+
+
+def _make_glb(gltf_json: dict) -> bytes:
+    """Wrap *gltf_json* in a minimal GLB binary container."""
+    json_bytes = json.dumps(gltf_json).encode("utf-8")
+    json_length = len(json_bytes)
+    # Pad JSON chunk to 4-byte boundary.
+    json_padding = (4 - json_length % 4) % 4
+    json_chunk = json_bytes + b"\x00" * json_padding
+    json_chunk_type = 0x4E4F534A  # "JSON"
+    # No BIN chunk.
+    bin_length = 0
+    bin_chunk_type = 0x004E4942
+    total_length = 12 + 8 + len(json_chunk) + 8 + bin_length
+    header = struct.pack("<III", 0x46546C67, 2, total_length)  # magic, version, length
+    json_header = struct.pack("<II", len(json_chunk), json_chunk_type)
+    if bin_length > 0:
+        bin_header = struct.pack("<II", bin_length, bin_chunk_type)
+    else:
+        bin_header = b""
+    return header + json_header + json_chunk + bin_header
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# looks_like_gltf
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestLooksLikeGltf:
+    def test_glb_magic(self):
+        assert looks_like_gltf(b"glTF\x00\x00\x00\x00") is True
+
+    def test_gltf_extension(self):
+        assert looks_like_gltf(b'{"asset":{"version":"2.0"}}', "model.gltf") is True
+
+    def test_glb_extension(self):
+        assert looks_like_gltf(b"some binary", "model.glb") is True
+
+    def test_json_with_asset_version(self):
+        payload = json.dumps({"asset": {"version": "2.0"}}).encode()
+        assert looks_like_gltf(payload) is True
+
+    def test_plain_json_no_asset(self):
+        payload = json.dumps({"foo": "bar"}).encode()
+        assert looks_like_gltf(payload) is False
+
+    def test_non_json_bytes(self):
+        assert looks_like_gltf(b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n") is False
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _parse_glb
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestParseGlb:
+    def test_parses_valid_glb(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json()
+        glb = _make_glb(gltf_json)
+        result = _parse_glb(glb)
+        assert result["asset"]["version"] == "2.0"
+        assert len(result["meshes"]) == 1
+
+    def test_rejects_too_short(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="too short"):
+            _parse_glb(b"glTF\x00\x00")
+
+    def test_rejects_invalid_magic(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid GLB magic"):
+            _parse_glb(b"NOTglTF\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _parse_gltf_json
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestParseGltfJson:
+    def test_parses_valid_gltf(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json()
+        result = _parse_gltf_json(json.dumps(gltf_json).encode())
+        assert result["asset"]["version"] == "2.0"
+
+    def test_rejects_non_object(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="root must be an object"):
+            _parse_gltf_json(b"[1, 2, 3]")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# extract_gltf_metadata  (GLB path)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestExtractGltfMetadataGlb:
+    def test_basic_glb(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(meshes=1, vertices_per_mesh=24)
+        glb = _make_glb(gltf_json)
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(glb)
+        assert meta["mesh_count"] == 1
+        assert meta["vertex_count"] == 24
+        assert meta["has_animation"] is False
+        assert meta["bounding_box_min"] == [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]
+        assert meta["bounding_box_max"] == [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
+        assert meta["texture_refs"] == []
+
+    def test_multiple_meshes(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(meshes=3, vertices_per_mesh=12)
+        glb = _make_glb(gltf_json)
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(glb)
+        assert meta["mesh_count"] == 3
+        assert meta["vertex_count"] == 36
+
+    def test_with_animation(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(has_animations=True)
+        glb = _make_glb(gltf_json)
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(glb)
+        assert meta["has_animation"] is True
+
+    def test_with_external_texture(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(images=[{"uri": "textures/rock.png"}])
+        glb = _make_glb(gltf_json)
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(glb)
+        assert meta["texture_refs"] == ["textures/rock.png"]
+
+    def test_with_named_texture(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(images=[{"name": "my_texture"}])
+        glb = _make_glb(gltf_json)
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(glb)
+        assert meta["texture_refs"] == ["my_texture"]
+
+    def test_empty_meshes(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(meshes=0)
+        glb = _make_glb(gltf_json)
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(glb)
+        assert meta["mesh_count"] == 0
+        assert meta["vertex_count"] == 0
+        assert meta["bounding_box_min"] == [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+        assert meta["bounding_box_max"] == [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# extract_gltf_metadata  (plain .gltf JSON path)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestExtractGltfMetadataGltfJson:
+    def test_plain_gltf(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(meshes=2, vertices_per_mesh=8)
+        raw = json.dumps(gltf_json).encode()
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(raw)
+        assert meta["mesh_count"] == 2
+        assert meta["vertex_count"] == 16
+        assert meta["has_animation"] is False
+
+    def test_plain_gltf_with_animation(self):
+        gltf_json = _make_gltf_json(has_animations=True)
+        raw = json.dumps(gltf_json).encode()
+        meta = extract_gltf_metadata(raw)
+        assert meta["has_animation"] is True
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Error handling
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestExtractGltfMetadataErrors:
+    def test_invalid_glb(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            extract_gltf_metadata(b"not a glb")
+
+    def test_invalid_gltf_json(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            _parse_gltf_json(b"[1, 2, 3]")