Generalize rate_limit.py into a reusable named-limit dependency

Adds rate_limit(name, max_hits=, window_seconds=) as a factory for FastAPI
dependencies, generalizing the auth_rate_limit pattern for future endpoints
(chat send, message report) without touching auth_rate_limit's own behavior.
Reuses SlidingWindowLimiter for counting and the existing 429 + Retry-After
response, and respects RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED the same way auth_rate_limit does.
reset_all() now clears every registered limiter (auth's plus any named ones),
so the conftest autouse fixture keeps working for sibling tasks automatically.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Y2FESCaMXeJpC9gSctiEeD

backend/alembic/versions/0007_add_social_graph_tables.py

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"""add social graph tables (friendships, follows, blocks)
+
+Revision ID: 0007_add_social_graph_tables
+Revises: 0006_add_presence_columns
+Create Date: 2026-09-15 00:00:00.000000
+
+docs/planning/social.md US-1 / app/models/social.py. Models + migration
+only -- the request/accept/block business logic lives in the sibling
+"Friends & follow API router" task.
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = "0007_add_social_graph_tables"
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = "0006_add_presence_columns"
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    friendship_status = postgresql.ENUM(
+        "pending", "accepted", name="friendship_status"
+    )
+    friendship_status.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "friendships",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "requester_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "addressee_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "status",
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "pending", "accepted", name="friendship_status", create_type=False
+            ),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default="pending",
+        ),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("requester_id", "addressee_id", name="uq_friendships_pair"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_friendships_requester_id", "friendships", ["requester_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_friendships_addressee_id", "friendships", ["addressee_id"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "follows",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "follower_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "followed_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("follower_id", "followed_id", name="uq_follows_pair"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_follows_follower_id", "follows", ["follower_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_follows_followed_id", "follows", ["followed_id"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "blocks",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "blocker_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "blocked_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("blocker_id", "blocked_id", name="uq_blocks_pair"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_blocks_blocker_id", "blocks", ["blocker_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_blocks_blocked_id", "blocks", ["blocked_id"])
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_blocks_blocked_id", table_name="blocks")
+    op.drop_index("ix_blocks_blocker_id", table_name="blocks")
+    op.drop_table("blocks")
+
+    op.drop_index("ix_follows_followed_id", table_name="follows")
+    op.drop_index("ix_follows_follower_id", table_name="follows")
+    op.drop_table("follows")
+
+    op.drop_index("ix_friendships_addressee_id", table_name="friendships")
+    op.drop_index("ix_friendships_requester_id", table_name="friendships")
+    op.drop_table("friendships")
+
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="friendship_status").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)

backend/alembic/versions/0008_add_chat_tables.py

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+"""add chat tables (conversations, messages, message_reports)
+
+Revision ID: 0008_add_chat_tables
+Revises: 0007_add_social_graph_tables
+Create Date: 2026-09-15 00:00:00.000000
+
+docs/planning/social.md US-4 / app/models/chat.py. Models + migration only
+-- text filtering, rate limiting, and send/report/moderation endpoints live
+in sibling tasks that depend on this one.
+"""
+from typing import Sequence, Union
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+from sqlalchemy.dialects import postgresql
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision: str = "0008_add_chat_tables"
+down_revision: Union[str, None] = "0007_add_social_graph_tables"
+branch_labels: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+depends_on: Union[str, Sequence[str], None] = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    message_report_status = postgresql.ENUM(
+        "open", "resolved", "dismissed", name="message_report_status"
+    )
+    message_report_status.create(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "conversations",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "user_a_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "user_b_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("updated_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("user_a_id", "user_b_id", name="uq_conversations_pair"),
+        sa.CheckConstraint("user_a_id < user_b_id", name="ck_conversations_ordered_pair"),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_conversations_user_a_id", "conversations", ["user_a_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_conversations_user_b_id", "conversations", ["user_b_id"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "conversation_participants",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "conversation_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("conversations.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "user_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=False,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint(
+            "conversation_id", "user_id", name="uq_conversation_participants_pair"
+        ),
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_conversation_participants_conversation_id",
+        "conversation_participants",
+        ["conversation_id"],
+    )
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_conversation_participants_user_id", "conversation_participants", ["user_id"]
+    )
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "messages",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "sender_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "conversation_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("conversations.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "world_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("worlds.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "room_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("world_rooms.id", ondelete="CASCADE"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("body", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column("filtered", sa.Boolean(), nullable=False, server_default="false"),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_messages_sender_id", "messages", ["sender_id"])
+    op.create_index(
+        "ix_messages_conversation_created", "messages", ["conversation_id", "created_at"]
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_messages_world_created", "messages", ["world_id", "created_at"])
+
+    op.create_table(
+        "message_reports",
+        sa.Column("id", sa.Integer(), primary_key=True),
+        sa.Column(
+            "message_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("messages.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "reporter_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("reason", sa.Text(), nullable=False),
+        sa.Column(
+            "status",
+            postgresql.ENUM(
+                "open", "resolved", "dismissed", name="message_report_status", create_type=False
+            ),
+            nullable=False,
+            server_default="open",
+        ),
+        sa.Column(
+            "moderator_id",
+            sa.Integer(),
+            sa.ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"),
+            nullable=True,
+        ),
+        sa.Column("resolved_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True),
+        sa.Column("created_at", sa.DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=sa.func.now(), nullable=False),
+    )
+    op.create_index("ix_message_reports_message_id", "message_reports", ["message_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_message_reports_reporter_id", "message_reports", ["reporter_id"])
+    op.create_index("ix_message_reports_moderator_id", "message_reports", ["moderator_id"])
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    op.drop_index("ix_message_reports_moderator_id", table_name="message_reports")
+    op.drop_index("ix_message_reports_reporter_id", table_name="message_reports")
+    op.drop_index("ix_message_reports_message_id", table_name="message_reports")
+    op.drop_table("message_reports")
+
+    op.drop_index("ix_messages_world_created", table_name="messages")
+    op.drop_index("ix_messages_conversation_created", table_name="messages")
+    op.drop_index("ix_messages_sender_id", table_name="messages")
+    op.drop_table("messages")
+
+    op.drop_index("ix_conversation_participants_user_id", table_name="conversation_participants")
+    op.drop_index(
+        "ix_conversation_participants_conversation_id", table_name="conversation_participants"
+    )
+    op.drop_table("conversation_participants")
+
+    op.drop_index("ix_conversations_user_b_id", table_name="conversations")
+    op.drop_index("ix_conversations_user_a_id", table_name="conversations")
+    op.drop_table("conversations")
+
+    postgresql.ENUM(name="message_report_status").drop(op.get_bind(), checkfirst=True)

backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -4,8 +4,14 @@ from app.models.world import World
 from app.models.asset import Asset
 from app.models.avatar_loadout import AvatarLoadout
 from app.models.world_content import WorldRoom, WorldChunk, WorldChunkRevision
+from app.models.social import Friendship, Follow, Block, FriendshipStatus
+from app.models.chat import (
+    Conversation, ConversationParticipant, Message, MessageReport, ReportStatus,
+)
 
 __all__ = [
     "User", "Session", "World", "Asset", "AvatarLoadout",
     "WorldRoom", "WorldChunk", "WorldChunkRevision",
+    "Friendship", "Follow", "Block", "FriendshipStatus",
+    "Conversation", "ConversationParticipant", "Message", "MessageReport", "ReportStatus",
 ]

backend/app/models/chat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+"""Chat: DM conversations and world/room chat, plus message reports.
+
+docs/planning/social.md §4/§5 (US-4). This module is models + schema only --
+text filtering, rate limiting, and the send/list/report/moderation endpoints
+belong to sibling tasks that depend on this one.
+
+Delete-behavior choices (mirrors ``app/models/world_content.py``'s
+established convention of preserving audit/history data over cascading it
+away):
+
+- ``conversations.user_a_id`` / ``user_b_id`` -> CASCADE. A DM conversation
+  is meaningless with one of its two (and only) participants gone, so
+  deleting either user removes the conversation outright, which in turn
+  cascades to its ``conversation_participants`` rows and its ``messages``.
+- ``conversation_participants.user_id`` -> CASCADE, ``.conversation_id`` ->
+  CASCADE. Pure join-table rows; they only make sense alongside both sides.
+- ``messages.conversation_id`` -> CASCADE. Deleting a conversation deletes
+  its message history with it.
+- ``messages.sender_id`` -> SET NULL (nullable). Unlike a DM conversation
+  (which dies with its participants above), world/room chat history and any
+  message under moderation review should survive the sender's account being
+  deleted -- the row just becomes attributed to no one, matching how
+  ``WorldChunk.updated_by_id`` / ``WorldChunkRevision.actor_id`` treat
+  actor references as SET NULL rather than cascading away history.
+- ``messages.world_id`` / ``room_id`` -> CASCADE. World/room chat has no
+  meaning once the world or room it was said in is gone; consistent with
+  ``WorldChunk``'s own CASCADE from both.
+- ``message_reports.message_id`` -> SET NULL (nullable). Same audit-trail
+  reasoning as ``WorldChunkRevision`` (world_content.py): a moderation
+  report is a record that something *was* said and reported, which must
+  outlive the underlying message being removed (e.g. as the moderation
+  action taken in response to the report itself).
+- ``message_reports.reporter_id`` / ``moderator_id`` -> SET NULL (nullable).
+  Actor references for an audit record; the report itself must survive
+  either account being deleted later, matching the actor-reference
+  convention above.
+"""
+import enum
+
+from sqlalchemy import (
+    Boolean,
+    CheckConstraint,
+    Column,
+    DateTime,
+    ForeignKey,
+    Index,
+    Integer,
+    Text,
+    UniqueConstraint,
+)
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ENUM
+from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
+from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+
+from app.database import Base
+
+
+class ReportStatus(str, enum.Enum):
+    OPEN = "open"
+    RESOLVED = "resolved"
+    DISMISSED = "dismissed"
+
+
+class Conversation(Base):
+    """A DM conversation between exactly two users.
+
+    ``conversation_participants`` is the real roster (modeled as a join
+    table so a future group-DM schema change can widen it beyond two rows
+    without touching this table's shape), but a 2-party DM also needs a
+    cheap, DB-enforced "only one conversation per pair" guarantee, which a
+    plain join table can't express as a simple unique constraint. So the
+    pair is additionally denormalized here as ``user_a_id``/``user_b_id``,
+    always stored with the lower user id first (enforced by the check
+    constraint below); the API layer is responsible for normalizing the
+    pair before insert/lookup.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "conversations"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    user_a_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    user_b_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+    updated_at = Column(
+        DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False
+    )
+
+    participants = relationship(
+        "ConversationParticipant", back_populates="conversation", cascade="all, delete-orphan"
+    )
+    messages = relationship(
+        "Message", back_populates="conversation", cascade="all, delete-orphan"
+    )
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("user_a_id", "user_b_id", name="uq_conversations_pair"),
+        CheckConstraint("user_a_id < user_b_id", name="ck_conversations_ordered_pair"),
+    )
+
+
+class ConversationParticipant(Base):
+    """Join table of a conversation's members.
+
+    DMs are strictly 2-party today (enforced by ``Conversation``'s pair
+    columns above), but this is modeled as a real join table -- not folded
+    into ``Conversation`` -- so a later group-conversation feature can add
+    rows here without a schema change to this table.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "conversation_participants"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    conversation_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("conversations.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    user_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    conversation = relationship("Conversation", back_populates="participants")
+    user = relationship("User")
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint(
+            "conversation_id", "user_id", name="uq_conversation_participants_pair"
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+class Message(Base):
+    """A chat message: either a DM (``conversation_id`` set) or a
+    world/room chat message (``conversation_id`` null, ``world_id`` set and
+    optionally ``room_id``).
+
+    ``world_id`` is denormalized onto every world/room message (mirroring
+    ``WorldChunk.world_id``) so world-scoped history queries don't need a
+    join through rooms; ``room_id`` narrows further to a specific room when
+    the world subdivides chat by room, and is null for world-wide chat.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "messages"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    sender_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), nullable=True, index=True
+    )
+    conversation_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("conversations.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=True
+    )
+    world_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("worlds.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=True
+    )
+    room_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("world_rooms.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=True
+    )
+    body = Column(Text, nullable=False)
+    filtered = Column(Boolean, nullable=False, default=False, server_default="false")
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    sender = relationship("User")
+    conversation = relationship("Conversation", back_populates="messages")
+    world = relationship("World")
+    room = relationship("WorldRoom")
+    reports = relationship(
+        "MessageReport", back_populates="message", cascade="all, delete-orphan"
+    )
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        Index("ix_messages_conversation_created", "conversation_id", "created_at"),
+        Index("ix_messages_world_created", "world_id", "created_at"),
+    )
+
+
+class MessageReport(Base):
+    """A moderation report filed against a message.
+
+    ``message_id`` is nullable with ``ON DELETE SET NULL`` (rather than
+    CASCADE) so the report -- the audit record that something was said and
+    flagged -- outlives the message row, including when the message's own
+    removal is the moderation action taken in response to this report.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "message_reports"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    message_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("messages.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), nullable=True, index=True
+    )
+    reporter_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), nullable=True, index=True
+    )
+    reason = Column(Text, nullable=False)
+    status = Column(
+        ENUM(
+            ReportStatus,
+            name="message_report_status",
+            create_type=False,
+            values_callable=lambda enum_cls: [e.value for e in enum_cls],
+        ),
+        nullable=False,
+        default=ReportStatus.OPEN,
+        server_default=ReportStatus.OPEN.value,
+    )
+    moderator_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="SET NULL"), nullable=True, index=True
+    )
+    resolved_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    message = relationship("Message", back_populates="reports")
+    reporter = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[reporter_id])
+    moderator = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[moderator_id])

backend/app/models/social.py

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Social graph: friendships, follows, blocks.
+
+docs/planning/social.md §4/§5 (US-1). Friends = mutual (request -> accept),
+Follow = one-way (no approval), Block = hard deny. This module is models +
+schema only -- the request/accept/block business logic (idempotent
+duplicate/self handling, removing an existing friendship/follow on block,
+etc.) belongs to the API router task that depends on this one.
+"""
+import enum
+
+from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, ForeignKey, DateTime, UniqueConstraint
+from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import ENUM
+from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
+from sqlalchemy.sql import func
+
+from app.database import Base
+
+
+class FriendshipStatus(str, enum.Enum):
+    PENDING = "pending"
+    ACCEPTED = "accepted"
+
+
+class Friendship(Base):
+    """A friend request, directional until accepted.
+
+    ``requester_id`` sent the request to ``addressee_id``. Once accepted the
+    friendship is mutual, but the row stays directional (who asked whom) for
+    audit purposes; the API layer treats it as symmetric once accepted.
+    """
+
+    __tablename__ = "friendships"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    requester_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    addressee_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    status = Column(
+        ENUM(
+            FriendshipStatus,
+            name="friendship_status",
+            create_type=False,
+            values_callable=lambda enum_cls: [e.value for e in enum_cls],
+        ),
+        nullable=False,
+        default=FriendshipStatus.PENDING,
+        server_default=FriendshipStatus.PENDING.value,
+    )
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+    updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    requester = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[requester_id], back_populates="sent_friend_requests")
+    addressee = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[addressee_id], back_populates="received_friend_requests")
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("requester_id", "addressee_id", name="uq_friendships_pair"),
+    )
+
+
+class Follow(Base):
+    """A one-way follow relationship: ``follower_id`` follows ``followed_id``."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "follows"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    follower_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    followed_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+    updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    follower = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[follower_id], back_populates="following")
+    followed = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[followed_id], back_populates="followers")
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("follower_id", "followed_id", name="uq_follows_pair"),
+    )
+
+
+class Block(Base):
+    """A hard deny: ``blocker_id`` has blocked ``blocked_id``."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "blocks"
+
+    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
+    blocker_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    blocked_id = Column(
+        Integer, ForeignKey("users.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), nullable=False, index=True
+    )
+    created_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), nullable=False)
+    updated_at = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func.now(), onupdate=func.now(), nullable=False)
+
+    blocker = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[blocker_id], back_populates="blocks_initiated")
+    blocked = relationship("User", foreign_keys=[blocked_id], back_populates="blocked_by")
+
+    __table_args__ = (
+        UniqueConstraint("blocker_id", "blocked_id", name="uq_blocks_pair"),
+    )

backend/app/models/user.py

@@ -35,6 +35,44 @@ class User(Base):
         cascade="all, delete-orphan",
     )
 
+    # Social graph (docs/planning/social.md US-1; app/models/social.py)
+    sent_friend_requests = relationship(
+        "Friendship",
+        foreign_keys="Friendship.requester_id",
+        back_populates="requester",
+        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
+    )
+    received_friend_requests = relationship(
+        "Friendship",
+        foreign_keys="Friendship.addressee_id",
+        back_populates="addressee",
+        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
+    )
+    following = relationship(
+        "Follow",
+        foreign_keys="Follow.follower_id",
+        back_populates="follower",
+        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
+    )
+    followers = relationship(
+        "Follow",
+        foreign_keys="Follow.followed_id",
+        back_populates="followed",
+        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
+    )
+    blocks_initiated = relationship(
+        "Block",
+        foreign_keys="Block.blocker_id",
+        back_populates="blocker",
+        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
+    )
+    blocked_by = relationship(
+        "Block",
+        foreign_keys="Block.blocked_id",
+        back_populates="blocked",
+        cascade="all, delete-orphan",
+    )
+
     @property
     def is_adult(self) -> bool:
         """Return True if the user is 18 or older based on date_of_birth."""

backend/app/rate_limit.py

@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ def _client_key(request: Request) -> str:
 # brute-forcer.
 _auth_limiter = SlidingWindowLimiter(max_hits=10, window_seconds=60)
 
+# Every limiter in the process -- named limits built via `rate_limit()`
+# below register themselves here too, so `reset_all()` (the test hook) and
+# any future process-wide accounting stay correct without each caller
+# having to remember to wire it up.
+_registered_limiters: list[SlidingWindowLimiter] = [_auth_limiter]
+
 
 async def auth_rate_limit(request: Request) -> None:
     """FastAPI dependency: rate-limit auth attempts per client IP.
@@ -68,6 +74,41 @@ async def auth_rate_limit(request: Request) -> None:
     _auth_limiter.check(f"auth:{_client_key(request)}")
 
 
+def rate_limit(name: str, *, max_hits: int, window_seconds: float):
+    """Build a named, per-client-IP FastAPI rate-limit dependency.
+
+    Generalizes the ``auth_rate_limit`` pattern above for other endpoints
+    (e.g. chat send, message report) that want their own independent cap:
+
+        report_rate_limit = rate_limit("message_report", max_hits=5, window_seconds=60)
+
+        @router.post("/report", dependencies=[Depends(report_rate_limit)])
+        ...
+
+    Each call gets its own ``SlidingWindowLimiter`` -- counters for one
+    named limit never bleed into another, even for the same client IP --
+    and reuses ``SlidingWindowLimiter.check`` for the actual sliding-window
+    accounting and the 429 + ``Retry-After`` response. Like
+    ``auth_rate_limit``, the returned dependency is a no-op when
+    ``settings.RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED`` is false, so the checkpoint smoke suite
+    (one client IP for the whole run) doesn't trip on it.
+
+    ``name`` only needs to be unique within the process; it namespaces the
+    per-IP key so it doesn't collide with ``auth_rate_limit`` or any other
+    named limit.
+    """
+    limiter = SlidingWindowLimiter(max_hits=max_hits, window_seconds=window_seconds)
+    _registered_limiters.append(limiter)
+
+    async def _dependency(request: Request) -> None:
+        if not settings.RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED:
+            return
+        limiter.check(f"{name}:{_client_key(request)}")
+
+    return _dependency
+
+
 def reset_all() -> None:
     """Test hook."""
-    _auth_limiter.reset()
+    for limiter in _registered_limiters:
+        limiter.reset()

backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -41,7 +41,16 @@ TEST_TABLES = (
     # `worlds` the way world_rooms/world_chunks would be. List all three
     # explicitly rather than rely on cascade for some of them.
     "world_chunk_revisions", "world_chunks", "world_rooms",
-    "worlds", "sessions", "refresh_tokens", "users",
+    "worlds",
+    # Social graph (app/models/social.py) -- all three FK users with
+    # ON DELETE CASCADE, but list explicitly for clarity/consistency.
+    "friendships", "follows", "blocks",
+    # Chat (app/models/chat.py). message_reports.message_id is ON DELETE SET
+    # NULL (not CASCADE, deliberately -- see chat.py), so it wouldn't be
+    # reached by cascading a truncate of messages/conversations; list it
+    # explicitly along with the rest for clarity/consistency.
+    "message_reports", "messages", "conversation_participants", "conversations",
+    "sessions", "refresh_tokens", "users",
 )
 
 BACKEND_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]

backend/tests/test_chat_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+"""Model-level tests for chat: conversations, messages, message reports.
+
+app/models/chat.py / alembic/versions/0008_add_chat_tables.py
+(docs/planning/social.md US-4). This is the models+migration task only --
+there are no API endpoints yet (sibling tasks own filtering, rate limiting,
+and the routers), so these tests exercise the ORM models and the real
+Postgres constraints directly rather than going through HTTP.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from sqlalchemy import delete, select
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.pool import NullPool
+
+from app.config import settings
+from app.main import app
+from app.models.chat import (
+    Conversation,
+    ConversationParticipant,
+    Message,
+    MessageReport,
+    ReportStatus,
+)
+from app.models.user import User
+from app.models.world import World
+
+
+def _register(client: TestClient, username: str) -> int:
+    resp = client.post(
+        "/api/auth/register",
+        json={
+            "username": username,
+            "email": f"{username}@example.com",
+            "password": "secret123",
+            "date_of_birth": "1990-01-01",
+        },
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 201, resp.text
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {resp.json()['access_token']}"}
+    me = client.get("/api/users/me", headers=headers)
+    assert me.status_code == 200, me.text
+    return me.json()["id"]
+
+
+def _session_factory():
+    engine = create_async_engine(settings.DATABASE_URL, poolclass=NullPool)
+    return engine, async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+
+class TestConversationCreation:
+    async def test_create_conversation_with_participants_and_messages(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "chat_conv_a")
+        b = _register(client, "chat_conv_b")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            lo, hi = sorted((a, b))
+            async with factory() as session:
+                convo = Conversation(user_a_id=lo, user_b_id=hi)
+                session.add(convo)
+                await session.flush()
+                session.add_all(
+                    [
+                        ConversationParticipant(conversation_id=convo.id, user_id=a),
+                        ConversationParticipant(conversation_id=convo.id, user_id=b),
+                    ]
+                )
+                session.add(
+                    Message(sender_id=a, conversation_id=convo.id, body="hi there")
+                )
+                await session.commit()
+                convo_id = convo.id
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                participants = (
+                    await session.execute(
+                        select(ConversationParticipant).where(
+                            ConversationParticipant.conversation_id == convo_id
+                        )
+                    )
+                ).scalars().all()
+                messages = (
+                    await session.execute(
+                        select(Message).where(Message.conversation_id == convo_id)
+                    )
+                ).scalars().all()
+                assert len(participants) == 2
+                assert len(messages) == 1
+                assert messages[0].sender_id == a
+                assert messages[0].filtered is False
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+    async def test_duplicate_pair_rejected(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "chat_uq_a")
+        b = _register(client, "chat_uq_b")
+        lo, hi = sorted((a, b))
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Conversation(user_a_id=lo, user_b_id=hi))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Conversation(user_a_id=lo, user_b_id=hi))
+                with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
+                    await session.commit()
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+    async def test_unordered_pair_rejected_by_check_constraint(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "chat_ck_a")
+        b = _register(client, "chat_ck_b")
+        lo, hi = sorted((a, b))
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                # Reversed order violates ck_conversations_ordered_pair.
+                session.add(Conversation(user_a_id=hi, user_b_id=lo))
+                with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
+                    await session.commit()
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestWorldRoomChat:
+    async def test_world_message_has_null_conversation(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        owner = _register(client, "chat_world_owner")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                world = World(name="Chat Test World", owner_id=owner)
+                session.add(world)
+                await session.flush()
+                msg = Message(sender_id=owner, world_id=world.id, body="hello world")
+                session.add(msg)
+                await session.commit()
+                world_id = world.id
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                rows = (
+                    await session.execute(
+                        select(Message).where(Message.world_id == world_id)
+                    )
+                ).scalars().all()
+                assert len(rows) == 1
+                assert rows[0].conversation_id is None
+                assert rows[0].room_id is None
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestMessageReports:
+    async def test_create_report_defaults_to_open(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        sender = _register(client, "chat_rpt_sender")
+        reporter = _register(client, "chat_rpt_reporter")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                world = World(name="Report World", owner_id=sender)
+                session.add(world)
+                await session.flush()
+                msg = Message(sender_id=sender, world_id=world.id, body="bad words")
+                session.add(msg)
+                await session.flush()
+                report = MessageReport(
+                    message_id=msg.id, reporter_id=reporter, reason="spam"
+                )
+                session.add(report)
+                await session.commit()
+                report_id = report.id
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                report = await session.get(MessageReport, report_id)
+                assert report.status == ReportStatus.OPEN
+                assert report.moderator_id is None
+                assert report.resolved_at is None
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestCascadeDelete:
+    async def test_deleting_conversation_deletes_participants_and_messages(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "chat_cd_conv_a")
+        b = _register(client, "chat_cd_conv_b")
+        lo, hi = sorted((a, b))
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                convo = Conversation(user_a_id=lo, user_b_id=hi)
+                session.add(convo)
+                await session.flush()
+                session.add_all(
+                    [
+                        ConversationParticipant(conversation_id=convo.id, user_id=a),
+                        ConversationParticipant(conversation_id=convo.id, user_id=b),
+                    ]
+                )
+                session.add(Message(sender_id=a, conversation_id=convo.id, body="bye"))
+                await session.commit()
+                convo_id = convo.id
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                # Core delete against the conversations table directly, so
+                # the real ON DELETE CASCADE does the work (not the ORM).
+                await session.execute(
+                    delete(Conversation).where(Conversation.id == convo_id)
+                )
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                participants = (
+                    await session.execute(
+                        select(ConversationParticipant).where(
+                            ConversationParticipant.conversation_id == convo_id
+                        )
+                    )
+                ).scalars().all()
+                messages = (
+                    await session.execute(
+                        select(Message).where(Message.conversation_id == convo_id)
+                    )
+                ).scalars().all()
+                assert participants == []
+                assert messages == []
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+    async def test_deleting_user_removes_conversation_but_keeps_report_and_message_id_null(self):
+        """Deleting a conversation participant cascades away the whole DM
+        (conversation + participants + messages -- there's no third party
+        left to care about the history). Deleting the sender of a
+        world-chat message, by contrast, must NOT delete the message or its
+        report -- sender_id is SET NULL and message_reports.message_id
+        follows the message (also SET NULL, never CASCADE) so the audit
+        trail survives account deletion."""
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "chat_cd_user_a")
+        b = _register(client, "chat_cd_user_b")
+        reporter = _register(client, "chat_cd_user_reporter")
+        lo, hi = sorted((a, b))
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                convo = Conversation(user_a_id=lo, user_b_id=hi)
+                session.add(convo)
+                await session.flush()
+                session.add_all(
+                    [
+                        ConversationParticipant(conversation_id=convo.id, user_id=a),
+                        ConversationParticipant(conversation_id=convo.id, user_id=b),
+                    ]
+                )
+                session.add(Message(sender_id=a, conversation_id=convo.id, body="dm"))
+
+                world = World(name="Sender Delete World", owner_id=b)
+                session.add(world)
+                await session.flush()
+                world_msg = Message(sender_id=a, world_id=world.id, body="world chat")
+                session.add(world_msg)
+                await session.flush()
+                report = MessageReport(
+                    message_id=world_msg.id, reporter_id=reporter, reason="rude"
+                )
+                session.add(report)
+                await session.commit()
+                convo_id = convo.id
+                world_msg_id = world_msg.id
+                report_id = report.id
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                # Delete `a`: participant in the DM (cascades the whole
+                # conversation) and sender of the world message (SET NULL).
+                await session.execute(delete(User).where(User.id == a))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                convo_row = await session.get(Conversation, convo_id)
+                dm_messages = (
+                    await session.execute(
+                        select(Message).where(Message.conversation_id == convo_id)
+                    )
+                ).scalars().all()
+                world_msg = await session.get(Message, world_msg_id)
+                report = await session.get(MessageReport, report_id)
+
+                assert convo_row is None
+                assert dm_messages == []
+                # World message survives with sender_id nulled out.
+                assert world_msg is not None
+                assert world_msg.sender_id is None
+                assert world_msg.body == "world chat"
+                # Report still points at the surviving message.
+                assert report is not None
+                assert report.message_id == world_msg_id
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+    async def test_deleting_message_nulls_report_message_id(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        sender = _register(client, "chat_cd_msg_sender")
+        reporter = _register(client, "chat_cd_msg_reporter")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                world = World(name="Msg Delete World", owner_id=sender)
+                session.add(world)
+                await session.flush()
+                msg = Message(sender_id=sender, world_id=world.id, body="to be removed")
+                session.add(msg)
+                await session.flush()
+                report = MessageReport(
+                    message_id=msg.id, reporter_id=reporter, reason="spam"
+                )
+                session.add(report)
+                await session.commit()
+                msg_id = msg.id
+                report_id = report.id
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                await session.execute(delete(Message).where(Message.id == msg_id))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                report = await session.get(MessageReport, report_id)
+                assert report is not None
+                assert report.message_id is None
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()

backend/tests/test_rate_limit.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """The auth endpoints are rate-limited per client IP."""
 
 import pytest
+from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from app import rate_limit
@@ -54,3 +55,70 @@ def test_limiter_window_is_per_key():
     with pytest.raises(Exception):
         limiter.check("a")
     limiter.check("b")  # different key, unaffected
+
+
+def _make_named_limit_app():
+    """A tiny standalone app exercising two independent named limits, so
+    these tests don't depend on any sibling endpoint existing yet."""
+    limit_a = rate_limit.rate_limit("test_named_a", max_hits=2, window_seconds=60)
+    limit_b = rate_limit.rate_limit("test_named_b", max_hits=2, window_seconds=60)
+
+    app = FastAPI()
+
+    @app.post("/a", dependencies=[Depends(limit_a)])
+    def _a():
+        return {"ok": True}
+
+    @app.post("/b", dependencies=[Depends(limit_b)])
+    def _b():
+        return {"ok": True}
+
+    return TestClient(app)
+
+
+def test_named_limits_do_not_share_counters():
+    client = _make_named_limit_app()
+
+    # Burn out limit "a" entirely.
+    assert client.post("/a").status_code == 200
+    assert client.post("/a").status_code == 200
+    r = client.post("/a")
+    assert r.status_code == 429
+    assert "Retry-After" in r.headers
+
+    # Limit "b" is untouched -- same process, same client IP, different name.
+    assert client.post("/b").status_code == 200
+    assert client.post("/b").status_code == 200
+    assert client.post("/b").status_code == 429
+
+
+def test_named_limit_returns_429_with_retry_after_once_exhausted():
+    client = _make_named_limit_app()
+    client.post("/a")
+    client.post("/a")
+    r = client.post("/a")
+    assert r.status_code == 429
+    retry_after = r.headers["Retry-After"]
+    assert int(retry_after) >= 1
+
+
+def test_named_limit_is_a_noop_when_rate_limiting_disabled():
+    prev = settings.RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED
+    settings.RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED = False
+    try:
+        client = _make_named_limit_app()
+        codes = [client.post("/a").status_code for _ in range(10)]
+        assert codes == [200] * 10
+    finally:
+        settings.RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED = prev
+
+
+def test_reset_all_clears_named_limiters_too():
+    client = _make_named_limit_app()
+    client.post("/a")
+    client.post("/a")
+    assert client.post("/a").status_code == 429
+
+    rate_limit.reset_all()
+
+    assert client.post("/a").status_code == 200

backend/tests/test_social_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+"""Model-level tests for the social graph: friendships, follows, blocks.
+
+app/models/social.py / alembic/versions/0007_add_social_graph_tables.py
+(docs/planning/social.md US-1). This is the models+migration task only --
+there are no API endpoints yet (a sibling task owns the router), so these
+tests exercise the ORM models and the real Postgres constraints directly
+rather than going through HTTP.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+from sqlalchemy import delete, select
+from sqlalchemy.exc import IntegrityError
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine
+from sqlalchemy.pool import NullPool
+
+from app.config import settings
+from app.main import app
+from app.models.social import Friendship, Follow, Block, FriendshipStatus
+from app.models.user import User
+
+
+def _register(client: TestClient, username: str) -> int:
+    resp = client.post(
+        "/api/auth/register",
+        json={
+            "username": username,
+            "email": f"{username}@example.com",
+            "password": "secret123",
+            "date_of_birth": "1990-01-01",
+        },
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 201, resp.text
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {resp.json()['access_token']}"}
+    me = client.get("/api/users/me", headers=headers)
+    assert me.status_code == 200, me.text
+    return me.json()["id"]
+
+
+def _session_factory():
+    engine = create_async_engine(settings.DATABASE_URL, poolclass=NullPool)
+    return engine, async_sessionmaker(engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+
+
+class TestFriendshipRequestAccept:
+    async def test_request_defaults_to_pending(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_fr_a1")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_fr_b1")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                fr = Friendship(requester_id=a, addressee_id=b)
+                session.add(fr)
+                await session.commit()
+                await session.refresh(fr)
+                assert fr.status == FriendshipStatus.PENDING
+                assert fr.requester_id == a
+                assert fr.addressee_id == b
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+    async def test_accept_updates_status(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_fr_a2")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_fr_b2")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                fr = Friendship(requester_id=a, addressee_id=b)
+                session.add(fr)
+                await session.commit()
+                fr_id = fr.id
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                fr = await session.get(Friendship, fr_id)
+                fr.status = FriendshipStatus.ACCEPTED
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                fr = await session.get(Friendship, fr_id)
+                assert fr.status == FriendshipStatus.ACCEPTED
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestUniquePairConstraints:
+    async def test_duplicate_friendship_pair_rejected(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_uq_fr_a")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_uq_fr_b")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Friendship(requester_id=a, addressee_id=b))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Friendship(requester_id=a, addressee_id=b))
+                with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
+                    await session.commit()
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+    async def test_duplicate_follow_pair_rejected(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_uq_fw_a")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_uq_fw_b")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Follow(follower_id=a, followed_id=b))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Follow(follower_id=a, followed_id=b))
+                with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
+                    await session.commit()
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+    async def test_duplicate_block_pair_rejected(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_uq_bl_a")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_uq_bl_b")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Block(blocker_id=a, blocked_id=b))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Block(blocker_id=a, blocked_id=b))
+                with pytest.raises(IntegrityError):
+                    await session.commit()
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestFollow:
+    async def test_create_follow(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_follow_a")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_follow_b")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Follow(follower_id=a, followed_id=b))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                rows = (await session.execute(
+                    select(Follow).where(Follow.follower_id == a, Follow.followed_id == b)
+                )).scalars().all()
+                assert len(rows) == 1
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestBlock:
+    async def test_create_block(self):
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_block_a")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_block_b")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                session.add(Block(blocker_id=a, blocked_id=b))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                rows = (await session.execute(
+                    select(Block).where(Block.blocker_id == a, Block.blocked_id == b)
+                )).scalars().all()
+                assert len(rows) == 1
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()
+
+
+class TestCascadeDelete:
+    async def test_deleting_user_removes_rows_in_all_three_tables(self):
+        """Deleting a user removes friendships/follows/blocks referencing them
+        in *either* FK column, via the real DB ON DELETE CASCADE (deleted with
+        a Core statement, bypassing any ORM-level cascade, to prove the
+        database constraint itself does the job)."""
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        a = _register(client, "sg_cascade_a")
+        b = _register(client, "sg_cascade_b")
+        c = _register(client, "sg_cascade_c")
+
+        engine, factory = _session_factory()
+        try:
+            async with factory() as session:
+                # a as requester/follower/blocker, and also as addressee (c -> a)
+                session.add(Friendship(requester_id=a, addressee_id=b))
+                session.add(Friendship(requester_id=c, addressee_id=a))
+                session.add(Follow(follower_id=a, followed_id=b))
+                session.add(Follow(follower_id=c, followed_id=a))
+                session.add(Block(blocker_id=a, blocked_id=b))
+                session.add(Block(blocker_id=c, blocked_id=a))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                await session.execute(delete(User).where(User.id == a))
+                await session.commit()
+
+            async with factory() as session:
+                friendships = (await session.execute(
+                    select(Friendship).where(
+                        (Friendship.requester_id == a) | (Friendship.addressee_id == a)
+                    )
+                )).scalars().all()
+                follows = (await session.execute(
+                    select(Follow).where(
+                        (Follow.follower_id == a) | (Follow.followed_id == a)
+                    )
+                )).scalars().all()
+                blocks = (await session.execute(
+                    select(Block).where(
+                        (Block.blocker_id == a) | (Block.blocked_id == a)
+                    )
+                )).scalars().all()
+                assert friendships == []
+                assert follows == []
+                assert blocks == []
+
+                # Unrelated rows (b, c only) survive.
+                remaining_users = (await session.execute(
+                    select(User.id).where(User.id.in_([b, c]))
+                )).scalars().all()
+                assert set(remaining_users) == {b, c}
+        finally:
+            await engine.dispose()